The 4 Most Important Habits For Maintaining Bone Health & Preventing Osteoporosis

Our bones form the foundation of our bodies. But much like the foundations of a house, we don't pay them much attention until something goes wrong.

This lack of bone care has led to an uptick in osteoporosis (the condition of having weak, brittle bones) worldwide, particularly among postmenopausal women1. Ten million Americans2 over the age of 50 currently have osteoporosis, and in the UK, as many as one in two women over 503 will suffer a fracture induced by osteoporosis in their lifetime.

Once we reach a certain age, breaking a bone can be debilitating. Thankfully, there's plenty we can do in middle age to prevent osteoporosis and reduce our risk of falls and fractures down the line. "Bone is a dynamic tissue, so it's constantly being remodeled" explains registered dietitian and sports nutritionist Marie Spano, M.S., R.D.

We build the most bone during our childhood and adolescence years. By the time we hit 30 or so, we've reached peak bone mass. From there, we need to make sure we're not losing more bone than we're building—and that's where nutrition becomes hugely important.

Those who didn't get proper nutrition during childhood will want to be extra diligent about getting these nutrients. But you don't need to stress too much about measuring every last milligram on your plate: Just aim to eat vegetables, fruits, whole grains, healthy fats, and proteins throughout the day.

Like muscles, bones respond positively to time under tension. Working against a force will encourage the growth of new bone tissue, and one great stimulus is strength training6.

"If you can do 30 minutes three or four times a week of strength training, it will make such a difference," says trainer Caroline Idiens of Caroline's Circuits.

She recommends filling your sessions with simple, functional movements that you can progressively move up in weight (think: bicep curls). Bodyweight moves like squats and pushups can also provide a good stimulus for the bones, as can using lighter weights for longer rep sessions.

Idiens' one caveat: Those who already have bone discomfort or a bone disease like osteoporosis will need to be careful in the gym, as certain high-impact moves can damage bones further. You should never work through pain during a workout—there are always modifications.

Your bones and body need adequate amounts of macronutrients to grow strong—especially protein, since about one-third of bone mass is made up of protein7. "This is important because when we look at national survey data8, a number of females are not consuming enough protein, especially the females between 14 and 18 years of age—peak bone-building years... And then older females upward of 70 don't tend to consume enough protein—that's when we rapidly lose bone tissue," says Spano.

If you spend most of the day sitting, you'll want to focus on taking breaks and maintaining good posture to avoid bone issues9—particularly in the lower back.

Idiens adds that prioritizing unilateral movements that isolate one side of the body at a time can also help you build a strong, balanced musculoskeletal system. "When you do things like shoulder presses, if you're using both arms at the same time, often the strongest arm will take over. This can cause alignment issues and an imbalance of muscles. Of course, this then relates to your bones as well," she says.